Salam Terakhir Sherlock Holmes

Salam Terakhir Sherlock Holmes adalah sebuah kumpulan cerita pendek karangan Sir Arthur Conan Doyle yang mengisahkan tentang sepak terjang Sherlock Holmes sebagai seorang detektif di London dan sekitarnya. Seri ini menjadi penutup dari seri kumpulan cerita pendek Sherlock Holmes. Diterbitkan dalam bahasa Inggris dengan judul His Last Bow pada tahun 1917, isi novel ini mencakup cerita pendek mengenai Holmes yang beredar antara tahun 1908 hingga 1913 ditambah satu cerita yang dikarang pada tahun 1917.

Kumpulan cerita pendek ini pada awalnya berjudul Reminiscences of Sherlock Holmes (mengenang Sherlock Holmes) dan be

lum berisi kisah utamanya, yaitu Salam Terakhir yang dimasukkan belakangan setelah penerbitan novel Lembah Ketakutan. Terbitan yang terakhir mau tidak mau harus menyesuaikan sehingga judulnya diubah menjadi seperti saat ini. Akan tetapi, masih ada beberapa penerbit yang menjual edisi lengkap tanpa mengubah judul aslinya.

Masalah Penerbitan di Amerika

Saat buku ini diterbitkan untuk pertama kalinya di Amerika Serikat, penerbit merasa bahwa cerita Misteri Kotak Kardus terlalu vulgar untuk dibaca orang Amerika karena mengandung kisah perzinaan. Dengan terpaksa cerita tersebut tidak diikutsertakan dalam edisi Amerika Serikat hingga bertahun-tahun kemudian.

Namun demikian, elemen nasionalisme dan penolakan terhadap perang yang diikutsertakan dalam cerita, secara tidak langsung membuat banyak mahasiswa lebih menyukai novel ini daripada kumpulan cerita pendek pendahulunya, Kembalinya Sherlock Holmes, yang terbit pada tahun 1904.

Source: Wikipedia

Los Angeles

Los Angeles ( /lɔːs ˈændʒələs/ lawss-AN-jə-ləs; Spanish: [los ˈaŋxeles], Spanish for "The Angels") is the most populous city in California and the second most populous in the United States, after New York City, with a population of 3.8 million, on a land area of 498.3 square miles (1,290.6 km2). It is the focal point of the larger Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside combined statistical area, which contains nearly 17.8 million people and which is one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated and one of the most multicultural counties in the United States. The city's inhabitants are referred to as "Angelenos" ( /ændʒɪˈliːnoʊz/).

Often known by its initials, LA, and nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is a world center of business, international trade, entertainment, culture, media, fashion, science, technology, and education. It is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. Los Angeles has been ranked the third richest city and fifth most powerful and influential city in the world, behind only New York City in the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area (CSA) has a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of $831 billion (as of 2008), making it the third largest economic center in the world, after the Greater Tokyo Area and the New York metropolitan area.

As the home base of Hollywood, it is known as the "Entertainment Capital of the World", leading the world in the creation of motion pictures, television production, video games, and recorded music. The importance of the entertainment business to the city has led many celebrities to call Los Angeles and its surrounding suburbs home. Los Angeles hosted the 1932 and 1984 Summer Olympics. Los Angeles is also home to renowned universities such as the University of Southern California and the University of California, Los Angeles.

Los Angeles was founded on September 4, 1781 by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence. In 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4, 1850, five months before California achieved statehood.

Los Angeles enjoys a Mediterranean climate, with an average of 35 days with measurable precipitation annually.




Source: wikipedia

Moscow

Moscow (English pronunciation: /ˈmɒskaʊ/ or /ˈmɒskoʊ/; Russian: Москва́, tr. Moskva, IPA: [mɐˈskva] ( listen); see also other names) is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent. Moscow is the most northern city on Earth with a population above 10,000,000, the most populous city on the continent of Europe, and the seventh largest city proper in the world. Its population, according to the preliminary results of the 2010 census, is 11,514,300. Based on Forbes 2011, Moscow had 79 billionaires, displacing New York as the city with the greatest number of billionaires.

Moscow is situated on the Moskva River in the Central Federal District of European Russia. In the course of its history the city has served as the capital of a progression of states, from the medieval Grand Duchy of Moscow and the subsequent Tsardom of Russia to the Soviet Union. Moscow is the site of the Moscow Kremlin, an ancient fortress that is today the residence of the Russian President and of the executive branch of the Government of Russia. The Kremlin is also one of several World Heritage Sites in the city. Both chambers of the Russian parliament (the State Duma and the Federation Council) also sit in Moscow.

The city is served by an extensive transit network, which includes four international airports, nine railroad terminals, and the Moscow Metro, second only to Tokyo in terms of ridership and recognised as one of the city's landmarks due to the rich and varied architecture of its 182 stations.

Over time, Moscow has acquired a number of epithets, most referring to its size and preeminent status within the nation: The Third Rome (Третий Рим), Whitestone (Белокаменная), The First Throne (Первопрестольная), The Forty Forties (Сорок Сороков).

The demonym for a Moscow resident is Moskvitch, rendered in English as Muscovite.

Source: wikipedia

Singapore

Singapore (i /ˈsɪŋəpɔː(r)/), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, 137 kilometres (85 mi) north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the Singapore Strait to its south. The country is highly urbanised with very little primary rainforest remaining, although more land is being created for development through land reclamation.

Part of various local empires since being inhabited in the 2nd century AD, Singapore hosted a trading post of the East India Company in 1819 with permission from the Sultanate of Johor. The British obtained sovereignty over the island in 1824 and Singapore became one of the British Straits Settlements in 1826. Occupied by the Japanese in World War II, Singapore declared independence, uniting with other former British territories to form Malaysia in 1963, although it was separated from Malaysia two years later. Since then it has had a massive increase in wealth, and is one of the Four Asian Tigers. Singapore is the world's fourth leading financial centre, and its port is one of the five busiest ports in the world. The economy depends heavily on exports and refining imported goods, especially in manufacturing, which constituted 26% of Singapore's GDP in 2005.

Singapore is a parliamentary republic with a Westminster system of unicameral parliamentary government. The People's Action Party has won every election since self-government in 1959, and governs on the basis of a strong state and prioritising collective welfare over individual rights such as freedom of assembly, an approach that has attracted criticism from organisations such as Freedom House.

Some 5 million people live in Singapore, of whom 2.91 million were born locally. Most are of Chinese, Malay or Indian descent. There are four official languages: English, Chinese, Malay, and Tamil. One of the five founding members of the Association of South East Asian Nations, Singapore also hosts the APEC Secretariat, and is a member of the East Asia Summit, the Non-Aligned Movement, and the Commonwealth.


Source: Wikipedia

Jakarta - Indonesia

Jakarta (English pronunciation: /dʒəˈkɑrtə/

Indonesian: Jakarta formerly Batavia and officially the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta), is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Located on the northwest coast of Java, it has an area of 661 square kilometres (255 sq mi) and a 2010 census count population of 9,580,000. Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre. It is the most populous city in Indonesia and in Southeast Asia, and is the tenth-largest city in the world. The urban area, Jabodetabek, is the second largest in the world. Jakarta is listed as a global city in the 2008 Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC) research. The city's name is derived from the Old Javanese word "Jayakarta" which translates as "victorious deed", "complete act", or "complete victory".

Established in the fourth century, the city became an important trading port for the Kingdom of Sunda. It grew as the capital of the colonial Dutch East Indies. It was made capital of Indonesia when the country became independent after World War II. It was formerly known as Sunda Kelapa (397–1527), Jayakarta (1527–1619), Batavia (1619–1942), and Djakarta (1942–1972). Jakarta has also been known as the Big Durian by most Indonesians and some foreigners.

Landmarks include the National Monument and Istiqlal Mosque. The city is the seat of the ASEAN Secretariat. Jakarta is served by the Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport, and Tanjung Priok Harbour; it is connected by several intercity and commuter railways, and served by several bus lines running on reserved busways.

Source: wikipedia

Bangkok-Thailand

Bangkok (bahasa Thailand: กรุงเทพฯ, กรุงเทพมหานคร, atau Krung Thep, Krung Thep Maha Nakhon)( กรุงเทพมหานคร (bantuan·info)) adalah ibu kota dan kota terbesar di Thailand. Kota ini terletak di tepi barat Sungai Chao Phraya, dekat Teluk Thailand.

Bangkok adalah salah satu kota dengan perkembangan terpesat, dengan ekonomi yang dinamis dan kemasyarakatan yang progresif di Asia Tenggara. Kota ini sedang berkembang menjadi pusat regional yang dapat menyaingi Singapura dan Hong Kong, namun masih mempunyai masalah dalam sektor infrastruktur dan sosial sebagai akibat perkembangannya yang pesat. Bangkok telah lama menjadi pintu masuk bagi penanam modal asing yang ingin mencari pasar baru di Asia. Kota ini juga mencatat sebagai salah satu kota di dunia dengan laju penambahan konstruksi gedung pencakar langit tercepat. Kaya akan situs-situs budaya membuat Bangkok sebagai salah satu tujuan wisata terpopuler di dunia.

Propinsi Bangkok berbatasan dengan enam propinsi lainnya: Nonthaburi, Pathum Thani, Chachoengsao, Samut Prakan, Samut Sakhon dan Nakhon Pathom.




Sejarah

Kota Bangkok ( บางกอก (bantuan·info)) dahulu adalah sebuah pusat perdagangan kecil dan pelabuhan di tepi Barat sungai Chao Phraya melayani Kerajaan Ayuthhaya, perintis Thailand modern yang berjaya dari tahun 1350 hingga 1767. Ada kepercayaan bahwa nama Bangkok berasal dari Bang Makok, Bang sebutan dalam bahasa Thailand bagian Tengah untuk kota atau desa yang berlokasi di tepian sungai, dan Makok (มะกอก) adalah nama dalam bahasa Thailand untuk Spondias pinnata, Spondias mombin atau Elaeocarpus hygrophilus (tanaman yang menghasilkan buah seperti buah olive), atau Bang Koh, Koh berarti "pulau", merujuk kepada suatu wilayah yang terukir oleh sungai-sungai dan kanal-kanal.

Setelah kejatuhan Ayutthaya terhadap Kerajaan Burma pada 1767, raja baru, Raja Taksin mendirikan ibu kota baru, Thonburi, pada wilayah yang sekarang adalah bagian dari kota Bangkok. Ketika masa pemerintahan Taksin berakhir pada tahun 1782, Raja Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke membangun ulang ibu kota di sisi timur sungai dan memberikannya nama resmi upacara (ceremonial name) Krung Thep Mahanakhon Amon Rattanakosin Mahinthara Yuthaya Mahadilok Phop Noppharat Ratchathani Burirom Udomratchaniwet Mahasathan Amon Piman Awatan Sathit Sakkathattiya Witsanukam Prasit dan kemudian disingkat menjadi nama resmi sekarang, Krung Thep Maha Nakhon. Namun demikian, kota baru tersebut juga ikut menerima nama Bangkok, yang terus digunakan oleh orang-orang asing untuk menunjuk kepada seluruh wilayah kota dan menjadi nama resmi dalam Bahasa Inggris, sedangkan dalam Bahasa Thailand nama Bangkok tetap hanya menunjukan kepada kota tua di tepi barat sungai. Kota tersebut sejak saat itu telah dimodernkan secara luas dan mengalami banyak perubahan, termasuk pengenalan transportasi dan infrastruktur pada masa pemerintahan Raja Mongkut dan Raja Chulalongkorn, dan dengan cepat menjadi pusat perekonomian Thailand.





Source: wikipedia

die another day

Die Another Day (2002) is the twentieth spy film in the James Bond series, and the fourth and last film to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond; it is also the last Bond film of the original timeline with the series being rebooted with Casino Royale. In the pre-title sequence, Bond leads a mission to North Korea, during which he is found out and, after seemingly killing a rogue North Korean colonel, he is captured and imprisoned. More than a year later, Bond is released as part of a prisoner exchange, and, surmising that someone within the British government betrayed him, he follows a trail of clues in an effort to earn redemption by finding his betrayer and learning the intentions of Gustav Graves, who in typical Bond fashion, is not all that he seems.

Die Another Day, produced by Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli, and directed by Lee Tamahori, marks the franchise's 40th anniversary. The series began in 1962 with Sean Connery starring as Bond in Dr. No. Die Another Day includes references to each of the preceding films and also alludes to several Bond novels.

The 2002 film received mixed reviews—some critics praised Lee Tamahori's work on the film, while others claimed the plot was damaged by excessive use of CGI. Thus lauded by some and despite criticism, it was the highest-grossing James Bond film to that date.










Source: wikipedia